The phases of controling process

There are mainly three phase of control process.
(a) Establishment of standards of performance.
Standards of performance for organizational activities are set in advance. When the activities are actually carried out the actual performance is compared with the set standards. Standards are derived from the objective & goals of the organization. In setting up the standards, the desired performance level in attaining the goals is first determined. Then the desired performance is translated in to measurable units. The standards may be qualitative or quantitative depending upon the type of activity to be controlled. Standards should be set critical activity areas; standards should be attainable, understandable and acceptable.
(b) Monitoring measuring and evaluating
During this phase the actual performance of the activity is measurable and compares with the set performance standards. The objective has to find the deviations of actual performance from the planned performance. There are two important principles are to be followed during this phase of control. The first principle is to concentrate on monitoring & measurement of activity is to be choosy and narrow. This will save time and effort. The second principle is the principle of exception. Only exceptional or significant deviations are to be reported to managers. The control reports are prepared on the basis of measurement techniques. It is necessary to identify and isolate the exact cause of deviation and rectify it.
(c) Correction of deviations.
During this phase of the control process, the corrective actions are taken in accordance with the deviations found before system is damaged. Deviations may occur due to improper standard. In such cases the standards are revised. Deviations may occur due to resource deficiency, process defects, and environmental forces and improper measurement techniques. It is necessary to identify and cut off the exact cause of deviation and cure it.